Skip to main content

The Haḍḍa School of Art: Iconographic Markers

The deity

11 works · + 44 debated

The gods of the Gandhāran pantheon as the records describe them. Indra wears the tall goldsmith's tiara called mukuṭa: bands set with cabochons, semi-circular arches, crowns sometimes topped by a crescent of Iranian inspiration; the face is fine, idealised and smiling, the earlobes distended by heavy pearls. Vajrapāṇi, the Buddha's protector holding the vajra, borrows his features from Bacchus or the silenoi, down to the Phrygian cap. As for the god Brahma, the artists, following the texts, gave him the same appearance as his mortal devotees, the brahmans: the database leaves these heads open.

The distinguishing marks

Each mark points to real records that describe it.

  • Tall goldsmith's tiara (mukuṭa): bands with cabochons, semi-circular arches

    See in the database: HADB 125, HADB 126, HADB 131

  • Crown or diadem topped by a crescent, of Iranian or Central Asian inspiration

    See in the database: HADB 127, HADB 128

  • Fine, idealised, smiling face, distended earlobes

    See in the database: HADB 125, HADB 128, HADB 131

  • The vajra held or brandished, attribute of Vajrapāṇi

    See in the database: HADB 148, HADB 150, HADB 474

Three works to learn to look

The god Indra is wearing a high goldsmith's tiara called mukuṭa, consisting here of a band decorated with two central cabochons, topped with semicircular arches, certainly originally bearing a motif, and finished with a disc-shaped base. The smiling, idealised face is thin, with a pointed nose. The earlobes are distended and two folds can be seen on the neck.

This Indra head bears the mark of a Central Asian inspiration. The complex headdress, composed of a crown surmounted by two coiled spirals, bears an Iranian crescent, possibly Hephtalite. The face has irregular features. Seen in profile, the forehead is exaggeratedly rounded. The half-closed eyes are almond-shaped. The nose is short and pointed, the mouth smiling. The lobes of his ears are elongated by the heavy pearls he was wearing. On the neck, a fold is marked. Barthoux notes traces of red polychromy.

Vajrapāṇi is wearing a turban tied at the back of his head, the edge of which is decorated with a circular medallion. The hair is represented very summarily, as is the face, which is completely idealised. He wears jewellery: a kind of torque and a bracelet. He appears to be wearing the uttarāsaṅga which leaves part of his torso uncovered, and a shawl covers his shoulders. In his left hand he holds the vajra firmly.

Not to be confused with

Debated identifications

The database itself leaves these records open: their titles hesitate between several figures. They are part of the lesson: identifying means weighing clues.

This figure in the tours

Guided tours of the database include several works of this figure.