The Haḍḍa School of Art: Iconographic Markers
The brahman
31 works · + 23 debated
The ascetic of the records: the topknot “characteristic of brahmans”, beard and moustache, wrinkled forehead, knitted brows. An aged, tormented face that several descriptions compare to classical works. Beside these old men, the database keeps 23 records of idealised young figures deliberately left between “Brahma” and “young brahman”.
The distinguishing marks
Each mark points to real records that describe it.
Three works to learn to look
The facial lines of this Brahman are strongly Hellenized and recall certain classical works. The wrinkled forehead, the frowning eyebrows and the sunken eyes give him a tormented look. He wears the characteristic bun of the Brahmans. The mass of hair gathered on the top of the head is not visible, but a simple and completely stylized bun. The waves of the hair are represented in hollows like those of the mustache and the beard.
The head of this Brahman is very eroded. He wears a bun, mustache and beard whose undulations are summarily depicted in hollows. Old and wrinkled, the expression of his eyes and his drooping mouth give him a serious look.
This middle-aged Brahman has a moustache and a shaved chin. His hair is long and slightly wavy, folded over the top of his head in a bun that falls forward like a novice's lock. His eyebrows are furrowed and his eyes are sunken: his expression is worried and tormented.
Not to be confused with
The Buddha
Young and idealised, the brahman with the fan-shaped topknot resembles Buddhist figures: 20 records remain between “Brahma or young brahman”.
The deity
Following the texts, the artists gave the god Brahma the same appearance as his mortal devotees, the brahmans: the 20 “Brahma or young brahman” records read both ways.
The monk (bhikṣu)
One brahman head bears the novice’s lock of hair (HADB 252), an attribute also found on young monks.
All identified works
Tapa Kalān13 works

HADB 239
Bust of Brahman
Stucco · Tapa Kalān

HADB 247
Head of Brahman
Stucco · Tapa Kalān

HADB 251
Head of Brahman
Stucco · Tapa Kalān

HADB 292
Head of Brahman
Stucco · Tapa Kalān

HADB 293
Head of Brahman
Stucco · Tapa Kalān

HADB 294
Head of Brahman
Stucco · Tapa Kalān

HADB 295
Bust of Brahman
Stucco · Tapa Kalān

HADB 296
Head of Brahman
Stucco · Tapa Kalān

HADB 297
Head of Brahman
Stucco · Tapa Kalān

HADB 298
Head of Brahman
Stucco · Tapa Kalān

HADB 300
Head of Brahman
Stucco · Tapa Kalān

HADB 301
Head of brahman
Stucco · Tapa Kalān

HADB 303
Head of brahman
Stucco · Tapa Kalān
Tapa-i Kafarihā7 works

HADB 238
Head of Brahman
Stucco · Tapa-i Kafarihā

HADB 242
Head of Brahman
Stucco · Tapa-i Kafarihā

HADB 246
Head of Brahman
Stucco · Tapa-i Kafarihā

HADB 248
Head of Brahman
Stucco · Tapa-i Kafarihā

HADB 250
Head of Brahman
Stucco · Tapa-i Kafarihā

HADB 302
Head of brahman
Stucco · Tapa-i Kafarihā

HADB 399
Head of Brahman
Stucco · Tapa-i Kafarihā
Bāgh Gaï6 works
Haḍḍa, lost location3 works
Debated identifications
The database itself leaves these records open: their titles hesitate between several figures. They are part of the lesson: identifying means weighing clues.

HADB 78
Head of a brahman, possibly god Brahma
Stucco · Tapa Kalān

HADB 270
Brahma or young brahman
Stucco · Tapa Kalān

HADB 271
Head of god Brahma or a young brahman
Stucco · Tapa Kalān

HADB 272
Bust of god Brahma or a young brahman
Stucco · Tapa Kalān

HADB 273
Bust of god Brahma or a young brahman
Stucco · Tapa Kalān

HADB 274
Head of god Brahma or a young brahman
Stucco · Tapa Kalān

HADB 275
Head of Brahma or young brahman
Stucco · Tapa Kalān

HADB 276
Head of god Brahma or a young brahman
Stucco · Deh-i Ghoundi

HADB 277
Head of god Brahma or a young brahman
Stucco · Tapa-i Kafarihā

HADB 278
Head of god Brahma or a young brahman
Stucco · Tapa-i Kafarihā

HADB 279
Head of god Brahma, a young brahman or a Bodhisattva
Stucco · Tapa Kalān

HADB 280
Head of god Brahma or a young brahman
Stucco · Tapa Kalān

HADB 281
Head of god Brahma or a young brahman
Stucco · Tapa-i Kafarihā

HADB 282
Head of god Brahma or a young brahman
Stucco · Tapa Kalān

HADB 283
Head of god Brahma, a young brahman or a Bodhisattva
Stucco · Bāgh Gaï

HADB 284
Head of god Brahma or a young brahman
Stucco · Chakhil-i Ghoundi

HADB 285
Head of Brahma or young brahman
Stucco · Tapa Kalān

HADB 286
Head of god Brahma, a young brahman or a Bodhisattva
Stucco · Tapa Kalān

HADB 287
Head of god Brahma, a young brahman or a Bodhisattva
Stucco · Pratès

HADB 288
Head of god Brahma or a young brahman
Stucco · Tapa-i Kafarihā

HADB 289
Head of god Brahma or a young brahman
Stucco · Bāgh Gaï

HADB 290
Head of god Brahma or a young brahman
Stucco · Tapa-i Kafarihā

HADB 291
Head of god Brahma or a young brahman
Stucco · Tapa-i Kafarihā
This figure in the tours
Guided tours of the database include several works of this figure.
In the identification key
The observation paths that lead to this figure in the questionnaire. Each path can be replayed.













